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In today’s interconnected digital landscape and ever increasing identity-based attacks, securing user identities and managing access efficiently is critical for organizations. This document serves as a comprehensive guide to Identity and Access Management (IAM) standards and protocols, providing organizations with the knowledge needed to navigate the complex ecosystem of authentication, authorization, provisioning and identity governance. We explore a wide range of IAM standards, including OAuth 2.0, OpenID Connect (OIDC), SAML, WebAuthn, SCIM, RADIUS, TACACS+, XACML, OPA, IDQL, CAEP, SPIFFE, W3C Verifiable Credentials, and more. For each standard, we outline its purpose, key use cases, implementation scenarios, and real-world examples to help organizations determine when to use which standard based on their specific needs. To facilitate decision-making, we provide comparisons between related standards, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and suitability for various environments, such as enterprise authentication, API security, passwordless authentication, cloud identity management, and decentralized identity. Additionally, we discuss critical considerations and common pitfalls to avoid, ensuring organizations adopt best practices when implementing IAM solutions. Finally, we include references for further exploration, directing readers to industry frameworks, technical documentation, and relevant case studies. Whether you are securing enterprise systems, enabling Single Sign-On (SSO), implementing Zero Trust security, or managing identity in cloud-native applications, this guide will empower your organization with the insights needed to make informed IAM decisions.