NISTIR 8547: From PQC Standards to Real-World Implementations

How and when you should switch to post-quantum

Written by Cory Missimore of the CSA Quantum-Safe Security Working Group.

Reviewed by Bruno Huttner, Mehak Kalsi, and Mahesh Adulla.

NIST is helping companies and governments prepare for PQC

As quantum computing technology continues to advance, so does the urgency for organizations to rethink their approach to cybersecurity. Many of the cryptographic standards that protect sensitive information today will eventually become vulnerable to quantum-enabled attacks. Recognizing this looming challenge, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has introduced Interagency Report (IR) 8547, which provides guidance on transitioning from classical encryption to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC).

This document is not just about anticipating the risks posed by quantum computing—it is a practical roadmap for ensuring organizations can integrate quantum-resistant cryptographic solutions without disruption. The transition is not a question of if, but when and how. Understanding the right timing and the key steps for implementation is crucial for organizations looking to stay ahead of potential security threats.

From Standards to Implementation: The Key Takeaways of NIST IR 8547

The primary goal of NIST IR 8547 is to provide organizations with a structured approach to transitioning to quantum-resistant cryptographic solutions. This shift requires careful planning, as organizations must first assess their cryptographic dependencies before making changes. 

The first step involves identifying all systems and assets that rely on encryption, particularly on assets that require encryption, and evaluating which are most vulnerable to future quantum-based threats. This assessment allows organizations to prioritize the transition of their most critical systems—such as long-term sensitive data storage or financial transaction security—before expanding to less immediate risks.

Another significant part of the transition process is ensuring interoperability. Organizations cannot afford to simply replace their existing cryptographic standards overnight. Instead, they will likely operate in a hybrid cryptographic environment, where quantum-resistant solutions are integrated alongside classical encryption methods. This hybrid approach allows organizations to maintain security while gradually phasing out vulnerable cryptographic algorithms.

Another critical aspect of NIST IR 8547 is its emphasis on testing and validation. Before fully transitioning to quantum-resistant cryptographic methods, organizations must conduct controlled trials to ensure that performance, security, and compatibility concerns are adequately addressed. This means working closely with vendors, conducting internal assessments, and refining migration strategies based on real-world results. The adoption of PQC should not be seen as a simple software update but rather as a long-term strategic transformation in how organizations protect their digital assets.

When Should You Make the Transition?

One of the most pressing concerns surrounding the transition to PQC is determining the right time to act. Since large-scale quantum computers capable of breaking classical encryption do not yet exist, some organizations may be tempted to delay the transition. However, waiting too long could lead to security vulnerabilities and compliance challenges once quantum computing becomes more widespread.

In the immediate term, organizations should begin preparing by conducting a comprehensive inventory of their cryptographic assets. This includes identifying where cryptographic protocols are used, assessing the lifespan of protected data, and determining which systems require long-term security assurances. Sensitive information, such as national security data, financial records, and medical histories, must remain protected for decades. These are the systems that should be prioritized for transition to PQC, even before quantum computing becomes a mainstream threat.

As organizations move forward with this transition, they should also engage with technology vendors and service providers to ensure they are aligned with quantum-resistant security solutions. Many organizations rely on third-party software, cloud services, and hardware that incorporate cryptographic standards. Ensuring that vendors are actively working toward PQC compliance will help streamline the transition and minimize compatibility issues down the line.

The migration to quantum-resistant solutions will not be instantaneous. Over the next several years, organizations should begin adopting hybrid cryptographic models, where quantum-safe solutions are gradually introduced alongside existing methods. This allows for rigorous testing, industry-wide validation, and smoother integration. By the time quantum computing becomes a significant threat, organizations that have already implemented PQC in critical areas will be well-positioned to complete the full transition with minimal disruption.

Looking beyond 2030, the expectation is that organizations will have fully transitioned to PQC, with legacy cryptographic systems phased out entirely. However, flexibility will be key—cryptographic research is ongoing, and new developments could influence how PQC is implemented in the future. Organizations should remain adaptable and prepared to update their security strategies as advancements continue.

Real-World Considerations for Implementation

The transition to PQC is not solely a technical challenge—it is also a business and regulatory challenge. Compliance requirements across industries such as finance, healthcare, and government will likely evolve to reflect the necessity of quantum-resistant cryptographic standards. Organizations that proactively begin integrating PQC into their security frameworks will be better positioned to meet future regulatory obligations while maintaining a competitive edge in cybersecurity resilience.

Another major consideration is the impact on supply chains. Many cryptographic functions are embedded within third-party applications and services. Organizations must take a collaborative approach, working closely with vendors and service providers to ensure a smooth transition. Some vendors may already be working on PQC solutions, while others may require additional guidance or incentives to prioritize these security upgrades. Establishing strong partnerships early on can help minimize potential roadblocks when the transition accelerates.

Cost and resource allocation are also factors that cannot be overlooked. Implementing PQC requires investment in updated infrastructure, workforce training, and testing environments. Organizations should adopt a phased approach to deployment, ensuring that resources are allocated effectively over time. By breaking down the transition into manageable steps—starting with assessment, then integration, and finally full adoption—organizations can spread out costs and avoid the financial strain of a last-minute overhaul.

Take Action Now

The shift to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is not a distant challenge—it is an inevitable transformation that organizations must begin preparing for today. NIST IR 8547 provides a detailed framework for navigating this transition, offering a clear strategy for assessing risks, prioritizing critical assets, and adopting quantum-resistant cryptographic solutions.

Organizations that take a proactive stance by conducting risk assessments, engaging with vendors, and gradually implementing PQC will be better equipped to handle future quantum threats. Waiting until quantum computing reaches full maturity will leave organizations vulnerable to security gaps, regulatory challenges, and costly emergency transitions.

By acting now, organizations can future-proof their security strategies, maintain regulatory compliance, and ensure that their digital assets remain protected in an era of rapidly evolving technology. Quantum computing is on the horizon—will your organization be ready?